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Objective@#To investigate the epidemiology and related clinical features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Qingdao, and provide relevant evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*Methods@#The retrospective analysis method was used to collect the epidemiological and clinical data of 104 patients with HFRS diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2014 to December 2018, and the general condition, clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and exposure history of the patients were analyzed.@*Results@#One hundred and four patients with HFRS were aged from 10 to 87 years old, including 78 males and 26 females; mainly living in rural areas, accounting for 90.38% (94/104); and 54 cases from the Department of Nephrology, accounting for 51.92%. October to January of the following year was the main onset time, accounting for 68.27% (71/104). The clinical manifestations were 98 cases of fever, accounting for 94.23%; 66 cases of nausea and vomiting, accounting for 63.46%; and 57 cases of dizziness and headache, accounting for 54.81%. Laboratory examination showed more thrombocytopenia, urinary protein and occult blood positive, D-dimer elevation, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin elevation. Only 8 cases had a history of direct, indirect or suspicious contact.@*Conclusions@#The clinical features of HFRS are atypical. The main symptoms are fever, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and headache. Men are higher than women. The place of residence is mainly in rural areas. The exposure history is mostly unclear. Diagnosis should be combined with laboratory findings and early treatment to improve clinical outcomes.
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Objective@#To improve the understanding of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and to be aware of its potential of transforming to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*Methods@#The clinical data of one patient diagnosed with HES progressed to AML in the 923rd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force were analyzed, and relevant literatures were reviewed.@*Results@#The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic HES that progressed to AML with FIP1-like-1-platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (FIP1L1-PDGFRA) after 2 years. The patients achieved complete remission after the treatment of chemotherapy combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor and then received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patient had more than 1 year disease-free survival until the deadline.@*Conclusion@#Idiopathic HES has the potential to transform to AML with FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene positive, therefore regular follow-up should be emphasized.
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Objective To improve the understanding of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) and to be aware of its potential of transforming to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods The clinical data of one patient diagnosed with HES progressed to AML in the 923rd Hospital of the Peopleˊs Liberation Army Joint Service Support Force were analyzed, and relevant literatures were reviewed. Results The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic HES that progressed to AML with FIP1-like-1-platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (FIP1L1-PDGFRA) after 2 years. The patients achieved complete remission after the treatment of chemotherapy combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor and then received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patient had more than 1 year disease-free survival until the deadline. Conclusion Idiopathic HES has the potential to transform to AML with FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene positive, therefore regular follow-up should be emphasized.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiology and related clinical features of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Qingdao,and provide relevant evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The retrospective analysis method was used to collect the epidemiological and clinical data of 104 patients with HFRS diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2014 to December 2018,and the general condition,clinical symptoms,laboratory examination and exposure history of the patients were analyzed.Results One hundred and four patients with HFRS were aged from 10 to 87 years old,including 78 males and 26 females;mainly living in rural areas,accounting for 90.38％ (94/104);and 54 cases from the Department of Nephrology,accounting for 51.92％.October to January of the following year was the main onset time,accounting for 68.27％ (71/104).The clinical manifestations were 98 cases of fever,accounting for 94.23％;66 cases of nausea and vomiting,accounting for 63.46％;and 57 cases of dizziness and headache,accounting for 54.81％.Laboratory examination showed more thrombocytopenia,urinary protein and occult blood positive,D-dimer elevation,C-reactive protein and procalcitonin elevation.Only 8 cases had a history of direct,indirect or suspicious contact.Conclusions The clinical features of HFRS are atypical.The main symptoms are fever,nausea and vomiting,dizziness and headache.Men are higher than women.The place of residence is mainly in rural areas.The exposure history is mostly unclear.Diagnosis should be combined with laboratory findings and early treatment to improve clinical outcomes.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of compound glycyrrhizin on the prevention and cure of cytarabine syndromes. Methods A total of 130 patients with hematological malignancies treated by moderate or high dose of cytarabine in the 303th Hospital of PLA from July 2010 to July 2016 were included. Patients were randomly divided into the control group and the experiment group by using random number table method, and each group had 65 patients. In the control group, patients were treated with cytarabine alone. In the experiment group, patients were treated with cytarabine plus compound glycyrrhizin. Skin rash and fever in patients of the two groups were also recorded. Results of blood routine tests, liver and kidney function tests were monitored during the treatment. Results Sixty-one patients in the experiment group and 63 patients in the control group were enrolled finally. In experiment group and control group, the differences in the incidence of cytarabine syndromes [8.2 % (5/61) vs. 41.3 % (26/63), χ2＝ 18.1, P < 0.001], skin rash [1.6 % (1/61) vs. 12.7 % (8/63), χ2＝16.3, P <0.001], and fever [6.6 % (4/61) vs. 36.5 % (23/63), χ2＝5.63, P <0.017] were statistically significant. There was no significant difference of the incidence of liver injury and minimum blood cell count between the two groups (P＞ 0.05). Conclusion Compound glycyrrhizin can effectively reduce the incidence of cytarabine syndromes, but the larger size and multiple center studies are needed to further verify the effect.
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Objective To detect and analyze the percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and invariant na-ture killer T ( iNKT) cells as well as iNKT subsets in different tissues and organs of non-obese diabetic (NOD)/LtJ mice before the onset and in the early and late stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D) for better under-standing the immune function in different disease stages. Methods Female NOD/LtJ mice were selected as experimental subjects. Their fasting blood glucose levels were measured by blood glucose meter. Glycosuria and blood glucose level ≥11. 1 mmol/L in two consecutive detections were used as the diagnostic criteria of T1D. These mice were divided into three groups as follows: non-onset, early stage and late stage groups. Changes in food and water intake, glucose level in the urine, body weight, mental state, fur color and urine volume were recorded. Percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and iNKT cells and ratios of subsets in peripheral blood, thymus, spleen, liver and inguinal lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometry (FACS). Results (1) Compared with the non-onset and the early stage groups, mice in the late stage group were apathetic and had rough hair. Moreover, significantly increased water and food intake and urine output (P<0. 05) and de-creased body weight, thymus index, spleen index and the absolute lymphocyte counts of spleen, liver and thymus (P<0. 05) were observed in the late stage group. (2) Compared with the non-onset group, the early stage group showed significantly increased percentages of CD4+T cells in spleen, liver, thymus and inguinal lymph nodes (P<0. 05). Compared with the early stage group, the late stage group showed decreased per-centages of CD4+T cells in liver, thymus, inguinal lymph nodes and peripheral blood (P<0. 05). Compared with the non-onset group, the percentages of CD8+T cells in the early stage group were significantly increased in spleen and thymus, but reduced in inguinal lymph nodes (P<0. 05). Compared with the early stage group, the percentages of CD8+T cells in late stage group were significantly reduced in liver and thymus, but increased in inguinal lymph nodes (P<0. 05). (3) The percentages of iNKT cells in liver and inguinal lymph nodes of mice in the early stage group were significantly higher than those of the non-onset group (P<0. 05). The percentages of iNKT cells in peripheral blood and liver of mice in the late stage group were sig-nificantly lower than those of the early stage group (P<0. 05). No significant difference in the percentages of iNKT cells in spleen and thymus was found among the three groups (P>0. 05). (4) Compared with the non-onset group, the percentages of iNKT1 subset in thymus in the early and late stage groups were significantly increased, while the percentages of iNKT2 subset were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). No significant difference in the percentages of iNKT1 and iNKT2 subsets in spleen, liver and inguinal lymph nodes was found among the three groups (P>0. 05). (5) The percentages of iNKT2 subset in spleen, liver and ingui-nal lymph nodes were significantly lower than those of the iNKT1 subset in the three groups (P<0. 05). The percentage of iNKT2 subset in thymus was significantly higher than that of iNKT1 subset in the non-onset group (P<0. 05). (6) Compared with the non-onset and the late stage groups, the early stage group showed significantly increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A and up-regulated ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 (P<0. 05). Compared with the non-onset and the early stage groups, the late stage group showed significantly increased IL-6 level (P<0. 05). Compared with the non-onset group, IL-10 level in the other two groups was in-creased, especially in the late stage group (P<0. 05). No significant difference in IL-2 level was found among the three groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Increased percentages of iNKT cells and iNKT1 subset in NOD/LtJ mice with early stage of T1D might be involved in the development of T1D.
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Objective:To isolate cell spheres containing cancer stem cells (CSCs) from lung cancer cell lines (A549 and H1299) and iden-tify their biological characteristics. Methods:By adopting the method of serum-free suspension culture, A549 cells and H1299 cells were cultured on no-adhesion plate to form tumor spheres. Clone assay, CCK-8 assay, and Transwell assay were employed to observe proliferation, self-renewal and invasion of tumor spheres. Besides, RT-PCR was performed to compare the expression levels of stem cell markers between sphere cells and adherent cells. Adherent A549 cells and A549 cell spheres were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice and the tumor growth was assessed. Results:Isolated CSCs from A549 cells and H1299 cells in serum-free medium (SFM) without adhesion could grow as floating cell spheres. The results demonstrated that the self-renewal, proliferation and invasion of A549 and H1299 sphere cells were stronger than parent cells (P<0.05). When compared with adherent cells, the mRNA level of expres-sion of cell spheres' stem cell markers (Oct4 and Nanog) were significantly high (P<0.05) and A549 spheres had a stronger tumorigenici-ty in nude mice. Conclusion:SFM without adhesion can be a quick and easy method to construct stem cells model from human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299.
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Neutrophil ( PMN) is the main immune effect cell of killing candida yeast cells .It can recognize different cellular components of candida through a variety of surface and intracellular pattern recognition receptors , phagocytose and/or form extracellular traps to capture candida yeast and mycelia , then kill them with oxidation or non-oxidation mechanism .It can also adjust innate immunity and adaptive immune response in candida infection by interaction with other immune cells .This article reviews recent progress of the multiple subsets of neutrophil , the mechanism of its recognizing and killing candida , and the interaction with other immune cells , to provide new perspectives for clinical therapy of candida infections .
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Objective To explore the shielding effect that Tween has made on the erythrocyte’ s surface antigen( ABO and D antigen mainly) and the stability of the RBC. Methods Various types red blood cells’ surface antigens were incubated with different concentrations of Tween,then the titers of RBC’ s surface antigen before and after incubation were compared. The erythrocyte’ s function alterations and sta-bility through the morphological obersavation,the osmotic fragility,RBC’ s own hemolysis rate,oxygen saturation( SO2 ) ,routine test of blood as well as the supernatant of free hemoglobin determination were confirmed. Results The masking effect of the Tween-20 on D antigen with the weaken titer keeping above“ +” was better and more stable than that on A,B antigen. The impact on B antigen was a little worse,and A was the worst. The advantaged concentration is about 0. 004%. Besides,the influence of Tween-80’s on B and D antigen was not apparent e-nough. Among all of the concentration,0. 74% and 0. 80% did a relatively better job,which also could keep the weaken titer above “ +”. Conclulsion The shielding effect that Tween has made on the erythrocyte’ s surface antigen( ABO and D antigen mainly) is stable,which keeps above “ +”. The morphology and function of the RBC does not change.
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Objective To express the novel fibronectin-binding protein Fba of group A streptococcus(GAS)and analyze its immunogenicity,so that to evaluate the immune responses to GAS infection.Methods fba gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and confirmed by sequencing.Then it was cloned into pGEX4T-2 vector and Fba protein was expressed in E.coli BL21.The protein expression was identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Westernblot.The sera from mice infected with GAS and anti-streptolysin-O positive patients were detected using microtiter plates coated with purified Fba protein as antigen.Afterward Balb/C mice were immunized with this purified protein and the sera were collected after the third immunization for the detection of IgG titer.Results It was confirmed by ELISA and Western blot that the recombinant Fba protein had a specific affinity with anti-Fba sera of rabbit.The anti-serum IgG titer of mice imrnunized with Fba protein was up to 1:4800.Conclusions GAS infection or Fba protein immunization are able to induce high serum titer of anti-Fba which could react specifically with the recombinant Fba protein.It indicates that Fba protein has good immunogenicity and antigenicity.So Fba protein could be a GAS candidate vaccine and an important tool to detect anti-GAS titer in GAS infected patients.
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Objective To investigate the effect of donors' activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (aKIR) on recipients prognosis post haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods Fifty-nine cases of related HLA full matched HSCT were studied. Sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) was used to type donors' KIR. Virus,bacterium,and fungi infection as well as bleeding,relapse,survival were observed in the recipients post transplantation. Relationship between aKIR and clinical indexes mentioned above were analyzed.Results Donors' aKIR showed no beneficial effects on recipients' virus and bacterium infection. Furthermore,the incidence of fungi infection was increased in HSCT if donors expressed KIR3DS1 (?2= 4.804 ,P= 0.028 ). No significant difference was found in survival curve between donor aKIR positive HSCT or negative one (KIR2DS1+/-: P= 0.651 ; KIR2DS2+/-: P= 0.847 ; KIR3DS1+/-: P= 0.341 ). No effect of donor's aKIR on relapse was observed,too.Conclusion In Guangdong Han,so far as related HLA full matched HSCT is concerned,no improvement in recipient prognosis due to donor's aKIR is verified.
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AIM: To determine the evolutionary pattern of parenchymal cell apoptosis in multiple organs early after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) and its induction mechanisms and the role of apoptosis in triggering SIRS/MODS. METHODS: An I/R model was reproduced by clipping and releasing the superior mesenteric artery in rats and mice. Flow cytometry, electron microscope, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, TUNEL method, fluorescent and Gomori's silver-HE staining were used to detect apoptosis. Distribution features of apoptotic parenchymal cells in multiple organs were observed. Immunohistochemical staining of HSP 70 and Bcl-2 were performd to study the induction mechanisms of apoptosis.RESULTS and CONCLUSION: 1. Damage of the liver, lung, gut and kidney was appeared in early phase of I/R. The percentages of apoptosis in parenchyma organs increased progressively. The percentages of cell necrosis increased with the prolonged I/R duration. 2. Percentages of apoptosis were much higher near the central veins of liver lobules, in the outer medulla of the kidney, and the antimescenteric border of intestinal mucosal epithelium because of ischemia. 3. The expression of HSP 70 increased and Bcl-2 reduced in the areas mentioned above because of hypoperfusion. 4. Apoptosis of I/R hepatocytes, splenocytes and thymocytes was obviously increased after Kupffer cell blockage with GdCl3, showing the functional state of Kupffer cells may play an important role in SIRS/MODS.
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Objective:To observe cellular,humoral and mucosal immune responses induced by DNA-or protein-based of FimH of UPEC type 1.Methods:After mice were immunized respectively with recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1/fimH or pcDNA3.1/fimC,and the combinant FimH and FimC protein,the anti-FimH protein IgG of sera and SIgA in bladders were detected by ELISA.The lymphocyte phenotypes of CD3,CD4 and CD8 were analyzed by FCM.Results:The titers of IgG in sera and SIgA in the bladders were all low in the group immunized by recombinant FimH plamid,but the percentage of CD4+T cells in spleen was high,which revealed that recombinant FimH plamid was able to trigger better cellular immune response.The titers of IgG were very high in the group immunized by FimH protein,which suggested that the FimH protein was able to trigger better humoral immune response,but SIgA in the bladders was not detectable.Conclusion:The DNA for FimH can induce humoral,mucosal and cellular immune response.FimH protein can only induce humoral immune response.FimC protein is able to enhance the immunogenicity of FimH protein.
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Objective:To explore the gene frequencies of HLA-Cw and to analyze the recognition characteristic between HLA-Cw and KIR in Guangdong Han population.Methods:An auto semi-quantitative PCR-RSSO method was adopted to detect the HLA-Cw genotypes of a sample of 122 bone marrow donors.Results:The gene frequencies of HLA-CW 03,07,01,08,04,14,15,12,06,05,16 were 0.237 1 , 0.215 9 , 0.175 2 , 0.112 9 , 0.050 5 , 0.041 9 , 0.041 9 , 0.037 6 , 0.033 3 , 0.008 2 , 0.004 1 respectively.HLA-Cw 02,04,05,06 belong to “group 1” recognizing KIR-2DL1/2DS1.HLA-Cw 01,03,07,08 belong to “group 2” recognizing KIR-2DL2/2DL3;2DS2/2DS3.There was a significant difference between the two groups in total HLA-Cw gene frequencies in Guangdong Han population( P